Mama's Hearty Minestrone
1 (14.5 ounce) can low-sodium chicken broth 1 cup finely chopped broccoli 1 green bell pepper, diced 1 onion, diced 1 pound ground beef 1 tablespoon dried basil 1 tablespoon vegetable oil 1 zucchini, sliced and quartered 1 ½ teaspoons dried oregano 2 (14.5 ounce) cans diced tomatoes 2 cloves garlic, minced 2 cups diced carrots 2 cups tomato sauce ¼ cup shredded Parmesan cheese, or more to ta… ½ cup elbow macaroni ½ cup water, more if needed ½ teaspoon ground black pepper ½ teaspoon salt